What is claimed is: 1. A method for chemical removal of oxide layers from the surface of objects made of titanium or a titanium alloy prior to subsequent coating of said object with a metal characterized in that the oxide removal treatment is carried out with a mixture of hydrogen fluoride and one or more alkali fluorides and/or ammonium fluoride in a non-aqueous organic solution …
results show that for red clay with high colloidal iron content, the optimum working temperature for the iron quantitative removal, without aluminium loss, is close to 850 °C, in controlled atmosphere free of O 2 and H 2O; lower temperatures require long reaction times.
The WWTPs removed more than 96% of the influent titanium, and all WWTPs had effluent titanium concentrations of less than 25 µg L −1. To characterize the morphology and presence of titanium oxide nanoparticles in the effluent, colloidal materials were isolated via rota-evaporation, dialysis and lyophilization.
1. Scope This standard specifies the cleaning and descaling methods for titanium and titanium alloy surfaces. It is suitable for the production, use and manufacturer of titanium and titanium alloys to remove general pollution, oxides …
Removal of Surface Scale from Titanium Metal by Etching with HF–HNO 3 Mixed Acid Minoru 1,2Mizuhata1,*1, Shintaro Yamamoto1,*2 and Hideshi Maki 1Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657–8501, Japan 2Center for Environmental Management, Kobe University, Kobe 657–8501, Japan Etching of …
A new iron oxide dissolution method designed to measure the abundance of "free" Fe oxide phases and associated elements in soils and sediments has been tested. The method employs a ternary complex of Ti(III), citrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) as a reductant and bicarbonate as a proton acceptor. The Ti(III)-citrate-EDTA-HCO3 method …
As titanium oxide is sensitive to HF, etching the surface with Hf-containg media (e.g. 12ml Hf + 70ml H2O2, or 3ml HF + 6ml HNO3 + 50ml …
The techniques previously employed in this laboratory for removing free iron oxide from soil clays were the acid ammonium oxalate and the aluminium-ammonium tartrate methods (Tamm, 1922; Dion, 1944).
Titanium oxide is extremely stable and difficult to remove when formed. It cannot be removed by typical heat treatment (i.e., like a bright annealing of a stainless steel to remove heat tint and other oxidation products). Although I have not tried it, one chemical recipe I have seen for cleaning titanium is a mixture of nitric acid at about 40% ...
Clays and Clay Minerals Effect of adsorbed iron on thermoluminescence and electron spin resonance spectra of Ca-Fe-exchanged montmorillonite Sorption, desorption, and isotope exchange of cesium (10 (super -9) (sub --) 10 (super -3) M) on chlorite
"Titanium Oxide-Clay" as Adsorbent and Photocatalysts for Wastewater ... For simultaneous removal of heavy metals and dyes from the waste waters, several researchers have coated photocatalysts (TiO 2) onto a variety of surfaces like, modified fly ash [13], diatomite,
In short, residual titanium dioxide TiO2 can certainly pose issues due to it's nature in the presence of heat. (Note that zinc oxide – ZnO – also follows a similar cleaning profile and recommendation strategy.) To remove TiO2 (or ZnO) from tanks using Clean-In-Place (CIP) sprayballs, we recommend use of a 2-5% Keylajet® Low-foaming High ...
The provision and demand for safe water continues to be a major aspect for governments worldwide as the population continues to grow accompanied by an increase in anthropogenic activities that contaminate water bodies. The …
As titanium oxide is sensitive to HF, etching the surface with Hf-containg media (e.g. 12ml Hf + 70ml H2O2, or 3ml HF + 6ml HNO3 + 50ml H2O, both room temperature <20 seconds) might be an option ...
This study was carried out to the degradation and evaporation of PAHs from bentonite, which is an inorganic clay mineral. UV apparatus was designed specifically for the experiments. The impacts of temperature, UV, titanium dioxide (TiO2), and diethylamine (DEA) on PAH removal were determined. After 24 h, 75 and 44 % of ∑12 PAH in the ...
Pergamon Press Ltd., London Iron and titanium oxides in soil clays and silts R. J. W. McLAUGHLIN Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Cambridge {Received 28 July 1953) ABSTRACT The methods of extraction of free sesquioxides in soils are discussed. Using aluminium foil and ammo- nium tartrate, the readily soluble sesquioxidea are removed from ...
Oxide Stains. removing of titenium oand ide from clay -, removing of titanium o ide from clay « mill gold Removal of the Discoloring Contaminants of an East Georgia Kaolin,Pottery and Ceramics Glaze, Removing From the Mold:, When dry, scratch with a sharp tool through the oxide to show the clay underneathExplore new decorative modes with our collection of oxid …
A TiO2 aerogel with a high removal percentage and adsorption capacity was manufactured via template synthesis. Subsequently, the as-prepared TiO2 aerogel was characterized by various techniques and applied as an adsorbent for the removal of U(vi). The results revealed that the U(vi) adsorption was v …
In making multi-level interconnects, a via layer is generally made of a dielectric layer grown on a TiN/AlSiCu/TiN metal stack. The via contact hole to the lower level metal is first etched after metal patterning and intermetal oxide deposition, then the resist mask for via etch is stripped in an oxygen plasma at high temperature before filling the via with tungsten or aluminum.
A. Giovanni, You can use solution: Chromium oxide (CrO3) - 100g/l Hydrofluoric Acid 40% - 20ml/l. Rinse in this solution until stains disappear. You can also try electropolishing titanium in salty solution. For more information contact Dan Weaver at …
Soft removal of oxide from titanium transistors May 26, 2014. Q. Hi. I am actually looking for a soft method to remove the oxide layer deposited on titanium electrodes on carbon nanotube field effect transistors. Those transistors were fabricated two years ago, and now an oxide layer is deposited on the 50 nm titanium electrodes.
The O 1s spectra can be divided into three peaks situated at 530.2, 531.7 and 533.1, corresponding to lattice oxygen (O 2−), surface hydroxyl …
The kinetic study of the purple dye adsorption process showed that the removal using Titanium oxide, white clay and calcium oxide attained was 87%, 80% and 86%, respectively for respective contact times of 200 min, 60 min, 50 min and that the adsorption of the purple dye by the three solid materials was well described by the pseudo-second order ...
Increase in industrial and anthropogenic activities leads to a decline in water quality. This necessitates the need for the removal of contaminants from …
Removal of iron and titanium contaminants from Jordanian Kaolins by using chemical leaching M. Gougazeha,b ... The corresponding iron-oxide removal was in the order of 94%. Removal of 94% iron gives a product containing 0.48% Fe 2O 3, …
O removal directly from Ti and its alloys to levels below 0.1 mass% (1000 mass ppm) is very difficult because O dissolves in Ti to form an interstitial solid solution, and because Ti has a strong affinity with O. 5,6 Table 2 lists …
After treatment of the montmorilllonite with OH-Ti solutions, the interlayer Ca 2+, Na + and part of K + were exchanged by OH-Ti cation species. Einaga 20 proposed the existence of the polynuclear cations species ((TiO) 8 (OH) 12) +4 in solutions prepared in similar conditions. The amount of titanium in montmorillonites after OH-Ti-solution treatments expressed as oxide …
Results: The results showed significant removal of iron oxide using oxalic acid from 1.92 to 0.60 % for ferric oxide and 2.62 to 1.05 % for titanifferous oxide in Alkaleri and 3.45 to 1.17% for ...
Removal of oxide layers from titanium castings using an alkaline earth deoxidizing agent . United States Patent 5211775 . Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the removal of oxides and/or oxygen which are formed on the surface of the casting during the investment casting process to levels that are comparable to those found within ...